Classical
Methods
The classic “open” vascular surgical methods are the ones that evolved and established the specialty of vascular surgery and are the ones with which all new methods that appear as medicine and technology evolve are basically compared. In general, their application is never wrong or obsolete when the right indication is present, but their scope of application has now been limited and is essentially identical to the scope of contraindications of endoluminal methods. In simpler words, when we cannot apply an endoluminal solution (stent or balloon), open surgery is almost always technically possible, if its risk is reasonable and the patient’s biological reserves allow it.
Endoluminal surgical methods (colloquially known as “stent” or “balloon”) include a wide range of techniques that correct a vessel lesion from its interior (its lumen). They are also called minimally invasive methods because with very small incisions in easily accessible sections of vessels, lesions are corrected even in areas where surgical access to the vessels is laborious. This achieves faster mobilization of the patient and faster discharge from the clinic. Although they are not applicable in all cases, endoluminal methods provide a solution to many vascular diseases.
Intracavitary
Methods
Intracavitary
Methods
Endoluminal surgical methods (colloquially known as “stent” or “balloon”) include a wide range of techniques that correct a vessel lesion from its interior (its lumen). They are also called minimally invasive methods because with very small incisions in easily accessible sections of vessels, lesions are corrected even in areas where surgical access to the vessels is laborious. This achieves faster mobilization of the patient and faster discharge from the clinic. Although they are not applicable in all cases, endoluminal methods provide a solution to many vascular diseases.
Hybrid
Methods
In some cases, there are two or more vascular diseases in a patient that cannot be treated entirely endovascularly. In many of these cases, the hybrid method. Essentially, it is a combination of classical and endovascular methods.
A special category of veins that are treated very effectively in this way are varicose veins or small varicose veins. Sclerotherapyis the minimally invasive method of treating these small veins by direct injection of sclerosing drugs into their lumen. No anesthesia is required and the treatment is performed in office sessions. Through the injection of the sclerosing substance, an irreversible chemical injury is essentially caused to the endothelium (i.e. the inner wall of the veins) resulting in their lumen closing.
Sclerotherapy
Varicose Vein
Sclerotherapy
Varicose Vein
A special category of veins that are treated very effectively in this way are varicose veins or small varicose veins. Sclerotherapyis the minimally invasive method of treating these small veins by direct injection of sclerosing drugs into their lumen. No anesthesia is required and the treatment is performed in office sessions. Through the injection of the sclerosing substance, an irreversible chemical injury is essentially caused to the endothelium (i.e. the inner wall of the veins) resulting in their lumen closing.
Vascular
Accesses
A very important chapter of vascular surgery is the creation of vascular accesses for hemodialysis. These are patients with end-stage renal failure where their kidneys function poorly or not at all and cannot "clean" the blood of toxic substances.
In these cases, a vascular access is necessary that will ensure the "cleaning" of large volumes of blood in a relatively short period of time, will ensure the patient a good quality of life without complications, and will last as long as possible in the long term.