What is deep vein thrombosis?
The veins are the conductors that carry the blood poor to oxygen from all parts of the body back to the heart. At the lower extremities, these conductors are more burdensome than the rest of the body because they have to carry larger blood volumes against gravity.
The venous thrombosis is called the pathological formation of blood gel (thrombus) in the lumen of a vein resulting in obstruction. Coagration factors play a key role in the formation of thrombus. In cases of abnormalities responsible genes for coagulation factors there is an increase in thrombosis in an organism. These gene abnormalities are thrombophilia. Other frequent causes of thrombosis are long -lasting stabilization of the limb due to wound or long journey, cancer, advanced age, surgery, venous catheters, pregnancy, and contraceptive treatment.
What are the symptoms of a thrombosis of deep veins?
The symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis in the gastrocnemius area and / or a sinus artery are swelling in the area below the knee and the leg with redness , increased heat and pain in the gambas and foot area. Usually such symptomatology is incorrectly interpreted as a muscle stroke. When thrombosis occurs higher (in the femoral and in the iliac veins) these symptoms are much more severe throughout the lower extremity. At the upper extremities one deep thrombosis has as the main cause of the catheters (eg port, central venous catheter) in the vein subclavian, or the syndrome syndromes of the thoracic inlet syndrome. The clinical picture is equivalent to the lower extremities.
In a thrombosis of the deep veins there is an increased risk of pulmonary embolism, with increased mortality. The reason is the movement of part of the clots from the veins of the limbs to the pulmonary arteries, usually with acute symptoms of dyspnoea and heart failure.
What is the treatment of venous thrombosis?
The treatment of deep vein thrombosis is primarily conservative with anticoagulant treatment and classified compression socks. Only in some sophisticated cases is there an indication of surgery (see classic surgical methods ).
What is thrombophlebitis?
The thrombosis of surface veins is called thrombophlebitis . The main cause of a thrombophlebitis in the upper extremities is IV catheter placement for drug infusion. At the lower extremities it usually occurs in the major clear vein (MSF) along the inner side of the lower extremities, but also along the varicose veins . When there is venous insufficiency , this is almost exclusively associated with the creation of thrombophlebitis .
What are the symptoms of thrombophlebitis?
Clinically occurs with an image of inflammation in the course of the thrombosis with redness, increased heat, acute pain and swelling.
What is the treatment of thrombophlebitis?
The initial treatment for thrombophlebitis is conservative with anticoagulant treatment and graduated compression stockings. However, because it is mostly a severe complication of varicose veins, it must be surgically treated because it is associated - rarely of course - with a relative risk of developing a thrombosis of the deep veins of the limb with the ultimate risk of pulmonary embolism (see conventional surgical methods ).